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Harry Markowitz

1927 — 2023 | USA
Nobel Prize 1990, father of Modern Portfolio Theory
MathNobelPortfolio

CORE THEORY

Don't put all your eggs in one basket — but mathematically. Before Markowitz, investors chose assets individually. He proved that a diversified portfolio can have better returns for the same risk, or less risk for the same returns. This is the Efficient Frontier.

His Mean-Variance model optimizes allocation between assets based on their expected returns, volatilities and correlations. Adding Bitcoin to a Gold + stocks portfolio improves the efficient frontier because BTC has low correlation with traditional assets.

"Diversification is the only free lunch in investing."
— Harry Markowitz

KEY CONCEPTS

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EFFICIENT FRONTIER
The curve of optimal portfolios: max return for each risk level.
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MEAN-VARIANCE
Optimizes return (mean) vs risk (variance). The Sharpe ratio measures efficiency.
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CORRELATION
Two low-correlated assets = better diversification. BTC + Gold = low correlation.
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OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO
The point on the frontier with the best return/risk ratio. The holy grail.
min(w'Σw) subject to w'μ = target, Σw = 1
Minimize portfolio variance for a target return. w = weights, Σ = covariance matrix, μ = returns

LIVE TOOL — BTC vs GOLD ALLOCATION

MARKOWITZ OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO
60%
BTC
40%
Gold
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IN THE ARENA

Strategy Arena's Edge Fund uses Markowitz principles to allocate capital among winning strategies. The BTC vs Gold page shows the live correlation between these two assets — essential for building an optimal Markowitz portfolio. Choueifaty extended Markowitz's work with the Most Diversified Portfolio.

← All Minds Choueifaty BTC vs Gold

Harry Markowitz on Strategy Arena

This page applies Harry Markowitz's Modern Portfolio Theory (Nobel Prize 1990) to crypto trading. The efficient frontier calculates the optimal return/risk ratio and the minimum variance portfolio identifies the best diversification across the arena's 58 strategies.

See all 10 thinkers and the Live Verdict. The Smart Portfolio directly uses Markowitz's theory.

Livres Recommandes

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Portfolio Selection
Harry Markowitz — Amazon
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